Cellular
Any IoT application that requires operation over longer distances can take advantage of GSM/3G/4G cellular communication capabilities. While cellular is clearly capable of sending high quantities of data, especially for 4G, the expense and also power consumption will be too high for many applications, but it can be ideal for sensor-based low-bandwidth-data projects that will send very low amounts of data over the Internet. A key product in this area is the SparqEE range of products, including the original tiny CELLv1.0 low-cost development board and a series of shield connecting boards for use with the Raspberry Pi and Arduino platforms.
- Standard: GSM/GPRS/EDGE (2G), UMTS/HSPA (3G), LTE (4G)
- Frequencies: 900/1800/1900/2100MHz
- Range: 35km max for GSM; 200km max for HSPA
- Data Rates (typical download): 35-170kps (GPRS), 120-384kbps (EDGE), 384Kbps-2Mbps (UMTS), 600kbps-10Mbps (HSPA), 3-10Mbps (LTE)
3G/4G(LTE) :
3G Technology:
- 3G technology refer to third generation which was introduced in year 2000s.Data Transmission speed increased from 144kbps- 2Mbps.Typically called Smart Phones and features increased its bandwidth and data transfer rates to accommodate web-based applications and audio and video files.
Advantages of 3G:
- Providing Faster Communication
- Send/Receive Large Email Messages
- High Speed Web / More Security
- Video Conferencing / 3D Gaming
- TV Streaming/ Mobile TV/ Phone Calls
- Large Capacities and Broadband Capabilities
Disadvantages of 3G:
- Expensive fees for 3G Licenses Services
- It was challenge to build the infrastructure for 3G
- High Bandwidth Requirement.
- Expensive 3G Phones.
4G Technology:
- 4G technology refer to or short name of fourth Generation which was started from late 2000s.It is capable of providing 100Mbps — 1Gbps speed.One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC. MAGIC stands for Mobile Multimedia,Anytime Anywhere,Global Mobility Support,Integrated Wireless Solution,Customized Personal Services.Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere.
Advantages of 4G are same as of 3G.
Disadvantages of 4G:
- Battery uses is more
- Hard to implement
- Need complicated hardware
- Expensive equipment required to implement next generation network.
Below Image brings out comparison between 3G and 4G.
Cellular IoT has been widely adopted across the globe, with 2G and 3G connectivity enabling many early IoT applications. Greater bandwidth, lower latency and increased support for large volumes of devices per cell are coming to the market with 4G offerings. These will be enhanced further with the arrival of 5G networks, initially enabled by the 5G New Radio (NR) standard, which will enable Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) that support increasingly critical applications.
Cellular IoT therefore has the capability to address both the relatively simpler requirements of the Massive IoT market as well as the highly specific, sensitive demands of complex environments and applications. The number of Cellular IoT connections enabled by Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and Long Term Evolution for Machines (LTE-M) continues to grow. The number of devices connected by Massive IoT and other emerging cellular technologies is forecast to reach 4.1 billion by 2024.
5G and the Future of Cellular IoT
Despite all the hype around 5G, it’s essentially just like all the other “Gs” (i.e., generations) of the cellular internet; 5G is better, (way) faster, and stronger. While it’s merely cool to be able to stream the Superbowl LII in 4K to your VR headset over 5G—okay, fine, it’s really cool—5G is poised to transform the IoT landscape, even though it’ll likely operate in tandem with LTE and GSM cellular networks well into the 2020s.
On the industrial IoT end, ultra-secure, private 5G networks will be capable of facilitating thousands or even millions of devices in a manufacturing or logistics setting, operating at 10x the speed of existent networks.
Conclusion
The marketplace for IoT devices is growing and expected to still grow as more and more “things” are connected to the web . These include things utilized in our homes like smart appliances and smart security, things in our communities like smart utilities and smart parking meters, things in offices and factories like smart printers and robotic equipment. because the number and complexity of smart things increases, the technology to support them is additionally being developed. We see expansion in cloud computing, edge cloud, and AI being applied to IoT use cases. We see security enhancements to stay all the info generated by these “things” secure from hackers and other security breaches. V2X, drone control and robotic controls pose different more stringent requirements and that we see a requirement to support mobile also as stationary IoT devices. 3GPP technology provides the pliability to support the various diverse requirements of the IoT.
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